National Missile Defense (NMD) Research Paper -- Military Integrated D

National Missile Defense National Missile Defense (NMD) is an extremely complex land-based ballistic rocket system with the sole finding of defending the United States against a ballistic missile attack from a foreign country. The NMD architecture consists of five main components. 1. Ground-Based Interceptors (GBI) The purpose of the GBI is to destroy the incoming nuclear weapon. The wiretapor is a multistage rocket, which is launched after receiving a firing solution from the command and control system. After exiting the atmosphere, the Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV) is released. This is the actual equipment that is to intercept the incoming warhead and destroy it by colliding with it. The EKV has on-board thrusters that enable it to change course if required to intercept the warhead. 2. Battle Management, Command, Control, and Communications (BM/C3) The BM/C3 component is divided into 2 main parts. First, the Command and Control (BM/C2) system controls the overall NMD system. Information from sensors is forwarded to the BM/C2, which processes the data and determines the targets for the GBI to intercept. Second, the In-Flight Interceptor Communications System (IFICS) is a network of ground systems that relay communication theory to the GBI while in flight to guide it to the incoming warhead. 3. X-Band/Ground-Based Radars These radar systems gather tracking information regarding the incoming warheads during the mid-course phase of the missile. This data is then sent to the BM/C2, which in turn is sent to the GBI for guidance to intercept the warhead. 4. Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWR) These radars systems detect targets near the horizon, early in the ballistic missi... ...s? Coalition to Reduce nuclear Dangers. 29 Sep 1999. http//www.clw.org/coalition/ucsnmd092999.htm5 Class Notes from website 6 Class Notes from website 7 Gronlund, Lisbeth. The Planned US NMD System Is the Technology Ready for Deployment? Will the Pentagon see If It Is? Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers. 29 Sep 1999. http//www.clw.org/coalition/ucsnmd092999.htm8 Galum, John, Joshua Shakon and Tan Mau Wu. National Missile Defense A CS91 Final Project. http//www.cs.swarthmore.edu/eroberts/cs91/projects/national-missile-defense/index.html9 attack Ethics, Class notes regarding instructions for the Ethical Decision-making Group Capture Worksheet 10 Approaching Ethics, Class notes regarding instructions for the Ethical Decision-making Group Capture Worksheet

Sydney Tar Ponds Essay -- Environmental Disaster

In 1901, an Boston based invertor group opened up a steel mill on the southeast side of Sydney harbor in Sydney, Nova Scotia. This mill was named DISCO, or Dominion Iron and Steel Company Limited, which was ultimately a subsidiary of DOMCO, or the Dominion Coal Company Limited. DOMCO coal was mined in Dominion, near Glace Bay and was used to make coke. Coke is a hard, grey, porous material, man-made from the coal and is used to fuel the blast furnaces for smelting the iron ore. (Coke (fuel), 2012) DOMCO along with DISCO merged with the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company or SCOTIA to from the British Empire Steel federation or BESCO in 1920. The corporation soon reorganized and in 1930 under the name Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation or DOSCO. In 1957 it was purchased by Toronto based aircraft manufacturing company, A.V. Roe Canada and in 1962 was once again sold, this time to Hawker Siddeley Canada, where it become a subsidiary. (Sydney Steel Corporation, 29)Hawker Siddeley ran the company smoothly until 1965 when they decided to eliminate all money moving operations. It was also around this time that it was announced that there were only around 15 usable years left for the Sydney coalmines and that after this opening new mines would be too expensive and that DOSCO would be getting out of the coal mining industry. The Sydney mill was in truth outdated compared to other mills in western and central Canada at this time. After an outcry for Cape Breton County residence, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson, announced the creation of the Donald Commision lead by J.R. Donald. The job of this commission was to launch a inquiry into the Cape Breton coal industry. They recommended that a federal crown corporation be set up to buy and mana... ... Contaminated material willing still be filled with cement and then contained in the area they are in, none of the material will be incinerated. Then the entire area will be caped off and landscaped for future use The firs t phase of this was completed in belated 2009 while the second stage began in Spring of 2010. (Tar ponds timeline, 2007) (Sydney Tar Ponds, 2012)Works CitedCoke (fuel). (2012, 04 02). Retrieved 04 08, 2012, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel)Sydney Steel Corporation. (29, 04 2011). Retrieved 04 2012, 08, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Steel_CorporationSydney Tar Ponds. (2012, 04 07). Retrieved 04 08, 2012, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Tar_PondsTar ponds timeline. (2007, 01 29). Retrieved 04 08, 2012, from CBC News http//www.cbc.ca/news/ earth/tarponds/timeline.html

Office of National Drug Control Policy Essay -- Drug Abuse

Office of National medicate cook and the Present ThreatOver the last decade, Southwest frame in violence has elevated into a national security concern. Much of the violence appears to stem from the competing growth and distribution networks that legion(predicate) powerful Mexican drug cartels exercise today. The unfortunate byproduct of this criminality reaches many citizens of the Mexican border communities in the form of indiscriminate street gang shootings, stabbings, and hangings which equated to approximately 6,500 deaths in 2009 alone (AllGov, 2012). That same danger which now extends across the border regions of New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California has the potential for alarming escalation. Yet, despite the violence, evermore-brazen behavior continues to grow, as does Americas appetite for drugs. Even though drug-related violence mandates that law enforcement agencies boil down on supply reduction, the Office of National Drug Control Policy should shift its p resent policy formulation efforts to only drug demand reduction because treatment and prevention efforts are inadequate and strategy has evolved little over the last three decades.Role of the ONDCPPresident Reagan established the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) following the passage of the Anti-Abuse Act of 1988 amidst mounting risk of drug dependence becoming more pervasive in American workplaces and schools. The statute law established the need for the federal government to make a good-faith effort in maintaining drug-free work places, schools, and drug abuse and rehabilitation programs for many users (Eddy, 2005). The betimes focus for the ONDCPs was to curb the rising drug threat emanating from the drug cartels operating throughout South America, in... ...ved from http//www.gao.gov/assets/100/97472.pdfOffice of National Drug Control Policy. (n.d.).AllGov Everything Our Government Really Does. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from http//www.allgov.com/Agency/Office_o f_National_Drug_Control_PolicyReduce the Threat, Incidence and Prevalence of Violent Crime and Drug Trafficking FY 2011 Overview. (2011).Intelligence (p. 6). Washington, D. C. Retrieved from http//www.justice.gov/jmd/2011factsheets/pdf/reduce-drug-trafficking.pdfRoberts, M., Trace, M., & Klein, A. (2004). Law Enforcement and Supply Reduction Report one-third (p. 15). Retrieved from http//www.beckleyfoundation.org/pdf/report_lawenforce.pdfWhite, F. E. (1988). Memorandum from Frank E. White to Donald L. Ashton, Drug Enforcement Agency, on Operation Snowcap dated March 8, 1988 (p. 12). Retrieved from http//www.gwu.edu/nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/part1.html

US. v. Lopez :: essays research papers

U.S. v. Lopez514 U.S. 549 (1995), Vote of 5 to 4, Rehnquist for the court.Congress in 1990 enacted the Gun-Free School district Act, making it a federal official offence to possess a firearm in a school zone. Congress relied on the authority of the Commerce clause of the Constitution to justify passage of legislation as a way of stemming the rising tide of gun related incidents in public schools. In 1992 Alfonso Lopez, junior was a senior at Edison High School in San Antonio, Texas. Acting on an anonymous tip, school authorities confronted Lopez and discovered that he was carrying a .38 quality handgun and five bullets. A federal grand jury subsequently indicted Lopez, who then moved to have the indictment dismissed on grounds that the federal political science had no authority to legislate control over the public schools. At a bench trial, the federal district court judge engraft Lopez guilty and sentenced him to six months imprisonment and two years supervised release. Lopez then appealed to the Fifth Circuit, which reversed the conviction and held the Gun-Free School Zone Act unconstitutional as an invalid exercise dy congress of the commerce power.The Lopez case posed the question of the extent to which Congress could exercise authority over street offense and, in so doing, intrude into constitutional space traditionally occupied by the states. Since the New Deal of the 1930s, the Supreme Court had accepted that Congress had large authority to regulate virtually every aspect of American life under the cover of the federal Commerce Clause. Moreover, the bombing of the federal office make in Okalahoma City, while it had occurred after the passage of the Gun-Free School Zone Act, created a political environment where the Clinton administration and the Republican congressional leaders believed that the federal government had to combat domestic terrorist groups and the weapons that they apply.The case drew considerable attention from diverse interest gr oups. The National Education Association, for example, joined with the Clinton administration and various antigun groups to argue that schools had undergo difficulty in handling gun related crimes. Soliciter General Drew S. Days argued that the law was different from other statutes dealing with firearms in that it targeted possession sooner than sale. Yet Days also insisted that a close connection existed between violence in schools and the movement of guns in interstate commerce. The government insisted that guns were often used as part of the drug culture that was itself carried on through national commerce.

Hamlets Troubles :: essays research papers

Hamlet is supposedly centered on one reference work reference Hamlet himself, but the play is driven by plots and schemes that argon derived from other characters in the play. The plot of Hamlet is constantly being heightened by the characters that are a part of the play, they help to manipulate the story in a way that places an emphasis on reflecting many struggles that one might encounter in life, but all compiled into one story. In the play Hamlet, Polonius is a character that intertwines the rest of the characters and brings them together to complete the final task of redemption for the death of King Hamlet. Throughout the whole play, Polonius is the only one that seems to be trying to truss everything together to help everyone out, and in the end, it is that quest for knowledge that leads to his demise.Polonius is a man that confuses most, but intrigues all. For the beginning of the play he is the readers guide, and helps to inform the reader of all that is fortuity within the lives of the main characters. He was not meant to be a main character, but any character that is put in the position of an informant, instantly becomes a main character. To be an informant, is to be one who shines a new light on the situation at hand, and that fills in information where information is needed. Polonius is a character in the play for just long enough to give the reader a good start with what is going on. Polonius is the one character who communicates and interacts with every other character in the play. Retrospectively he pieces the play and the characters together to make them more understandable to the reader. Communication is what Polonius does well, but it is also what he does for his living. &8220I cave in my duty as I hold my soul (2.2.44) puts emphasis on his dedication to the King, but at the same time he has dedication to his daughter, Ophelia, his son, Laertes, and the Queen, Gertrude. His connections with these powerful mint is a great example of how they are all getting information from Polonius, and using it to reap their own havoc. Polonius&8217 position as the &8220middleman gives him an indescribable amount of power, that he takes advantage of. He uses what others tell him to supply others with valuable information, all the way up until his sudden demise.

Hamlets Troubles :: essays research papers

Hamlet is supposedly centered on one percentage Hamlet himself, but the play is driven by plots and schemes that are derived from other characters in the play. The plot of Hamlet is constantly being heightened by the characters that are a part of the play, they help to manipulate the story in a way that places an emphasis on reflecting m any(prenominal) struggles that one might encounter in life, but all compiled into one story. In the play Hamlet, Polonius is a character that intertwines the rest of the characters and brings them together to complete the final task of redemption for the death of King Hamlet. throughout the whole play, Polonius is the only one that seems to be trying to tie everything together to help everyone out, and in the end, it is that quest for knowledge that leads to his demise.Polonius is a man that confuses most, but intrigues all. For the lineage of the play he is the readers guide, and helps to inform the reader of all that is happening within the liv es of the main characters. He was not meant to be a main character, but any character that is put in the position of an informant, instantly becomes a main character. To be an informant, is to be one who shines a new light on the line at hand, and that fills in information where information is needed. Polonius is a character in the play for just long enough to give the reader a great start with what is going on. Polonius is the one character who communicates and interacts with every other character in the play. Retrospectively he pieces the play and the characters together to make them more perceivable to the reader. Communication is what Polonius does well, but it is also what he does for his living. &8220I hold my duty as I hold my soul (2.2.44) puts emphasis on his dedication to the King, but at the same time he has dedication to his daughter, Ophelia, his son, Laertes, and the Queen, Gertrude. His connections with these powerful people is a great example of how they are all g etting information from Polonius, and using it to sop up their own havoc. Polonius&8217 position as the &8220middleman gives him an indescribable amount of power, that he takes advantage of. He uses what others tell him to supply others with valuable information, all the way up until his choppy demise.

Remember the Titans Film Essay

In the exposure remember The Titans directed by Boaz Yakin, an important character in the film is CoachHerman Boone. He uses his determination and acquirement to make the titans successful. This is headnthrough the use of visual and verbal features such as camera angles, costume, use of dialogue andmusic. Boones acceptance and tolerance teaches the team to hit the books to work together to achieve their goals and success.Herman Boone is an important character as he had to accept coach Yoast. They learned to tolerate each other. At the beginning of the film they didnt get along but in order to make the team a success Boone learned to. This is because when Boone arrives in Alexandria to take over from the gaga Coach, Bill Yoast neither of them were welcoming or friendly towards each other once. Once they got over each others differences, they began to develop a cracking football team to win the state championships.Herman Boone is a respected character in the film. He had to accept the new team and the old coach, Yoast which was now the associate coach. Both coaches had to learn to work together. They finally accepted each other and the titans went on to win the state championships. Yoast started to accept Boone when he heard Boone talk about(predicate) the fight at Gettysburg where black and whites had been fighting against each other. Through dialogue, Boone revealed to the players If we dont come together at this point about how the futility of battle, how it had torn families apart, dividing friends, creating rifts. Yoast accordingly complete why Boone was so harsh on the team.He realized that Boone wanted to overcome the continual racism. This was shown by the use of camera angles extreme mean up and close up to show the emotion from Boones speech. It showed how he was tormented by the continual fighting, sad that the players were continuing the same fight years ago. Yoast realized that Boone was only trying to bring the individual playerstogether a s one team, even if they had to tolerate each other. It was through the use of camera angles that Yakin showed the sadness Boone was feeling, realizing that harm was stopping the players from coming together as one team.Herman Boone had to learn to tolerate Bill Yoast and his football coaching ways just Yoast also had to tolerate Boone so they could make a successful team. At the training camp they both saw how each others coaching was benefitting the team. They all were starting to work together as a great successful team because of learning to work together .This was shown at their first game where they won, continuing throughout the season as they did non lose one game the whole season.This was through Boones determination to make the team successful. This was reinforced by use of upbeat music to show Boones and his team successes. Wide angle shots were used to show the whole team getting along and provideing. I learnt from Boones tolerance that individuals and groups can succ eed together no matter what race they are if they all make minor sacrifices.In the film Remember The Titans one of the main characters Herman Boone is determined for the titans to succeed. He is tough on them by, he does this by accepting his fellow coaches and the members of his team. And how he realizes he has to makes sacrifices in order for the team to come out on top. These messages and value are shown by camera angles such as close up extreme close up and music.

Criminal justice Essay

The reason I chose Serpico is because I thought this obligate would talk active a cop trying to do the right thing, which was to change the curve system that allowed corruption. This non-fiction talks about the immorality that takes place in this book. For example Serpico was plainclothesmen which was patrolmen working out of uniform on special assignments like narcotics, prostitution, and gambling, so it was a lot of opportunities and temptation for graft to occur.This book proves the point that people in power always abuses it because the plainclothesmen were skilful out to get a profit from misbranded activities that you were hired to prevent. The topic this book expounds on is about Brooklyn born, Italian cop with long hair, scruffy beard and a taste for opera and ballet music, reach Frank Serpico. He was a man that couldnt be hushed nor brought with felonious money, so he decided to change this nefarious system called the law of nature force, that enable the law enforc ement to flourish off of bribery, graft, and comprise.After Serpico made this decision to try and change the fraud happening in law enforcement, he had gained a lot of enemies rather than allies due to the reputation he garnered. For example during a drug raid his fellow partner was reluctant to come to his aid, so he was shot in the face. From then on, Serpico was life was put into danger by his fellow colleagues. Police Officers were baffled and confused on why Serpico broke an unwritten code that meant that cops cant turn in other cops.Apparently Serpico didnt care about that code because his main concentration was go on to detective rank and being a good example of cop, so his peers can learn from it. Police Corruption is the abuse of police authority for the gain. The partnership it has to the criminal law is corruption undermines the rule of law, good governance, tarnishes the public image of the law enforcement, protects criminal activity like drug dealing or prostitution, and briefly forfeits the community trust in various institutions.The reason why police corruption is so easily to get involve in is because ineffectual laws par centre moral values promote corruption because they provide criminal organizations with a financial curiosity in damaging law enforcement. I believe the entirely way to fight police corruption is to wrestle with the decriminalization issue, which involves removing the criminal label giving to victimless crimes by regulating them and preventing them.Its very hard to indict a police officer for corruptions because most prosecutors think why bite the hand that feeds you. Serpico didnt care about that idea because he just cherished to do the right thing no matter what it took or court which was almost his life. Frank Serpico was a heroic man that gambled with his life just to interrupt corruption that was going on in the immature Yorks police department. Serpico went through a lot of distrust and harassment from his va rious police officers just to call attention to this ceaseless problem. Then Serpico decided to take drastic measures by taking his story to New York Times editors. This act forced mayor Lindsay to appoint a special, discrete commission to investigate these Serpico allegations.I admired Serpico for putting up with demise threats from several police officers and people that were setting him up like in that drug raid. It took Serpico 5 years for him to bring this corruption to the publics attention. Through those 5 years Serpico had faced many death threats and vexation that prevented him from achieving his goal of becoming a detective. The only thing that Serpico did that I found was obnoxious, was when he was basically envious of William Phillip who was undercover agent for the Knapp Commission and he really was doing the same thing Serpico was doing over the years.The definition of a hero is Frank Serpico because of the heroic deed he had attained, that took a great deal of cour age and dedication. Most police officers wouldnt have the guts and determination to be able to endure the hardship Serpico had went through in order to end the corruption in the New York Police department. Frank Serpico was remembered for that significant feat he accomplished because most police officers had just fallen in the arms of unprincipled and Serpico was the first officer to not fall into misconduct while faced with many tempting opportunities as a plainclothesmen.Why couldnt there be more police officers like Frank Serpico? Why did police officers allow that criminality to happen or why did police officers partake in that criminality? At least Frank Serpico had made a huge step into the right direction of transformation. The officers in the New York Police department had just gone(a) with the flow before Serpico came around, as if corruption was a part of their job. If Frank Serpico didnt speak up about the corruption, would it have continued to occur as if nothing was i llicit?Im glad that I chose this book because it taught me that one person can have a huge impact on an issue that he or she feels strongly about. I thought Serpico would have become a replica of those crooked cops. Who would of thought Serpico would be the police officer to deny graft, bribery and other criminal benefits? Thats the most appealing information because who would chose justice over money? Apparently Frank Serpico thought that corruption wasnt going to get him to a detective rank. He believed the only way was to endeavor.A quote from the book was the problem is that the atmosphere doesnt nevertheless exist in which an honest police officer can act without fear of ridicule or reprisal from fellow officers. This quote shows that Serpico had an excellent idea on how to prevent what he endure for 5 interminable years. No one shouldnt have to feel like they under that much pressure when take about information regarding a system that allowed corruption to flow like a pipe. The worst thing about the trial was that the executive officers were not there, so the real issue of corruption wouldnt be solved.While feeling so much pressure, Serpico still had to worry about his life being in danger because he testifies. A person shouldnt have to go thru different predicaments just to serve justice and be an example to the police force. dismantle though police officers got fired and the commissioner got replaced, I still dont think that was equivalent to the price Serpico partially paid which was his life. The length it took for Serpico allegations to get somewhat public attention was the least appealing because I didnt understand why no one understood the severity of fraudulence in the New York Police department.Thats how you can tell that Serpico was very determined to be different and stand by his morals, because it took 5 years before justice could be served in a trial. I dont think you can have that much patience unless you were very dedicated to the iss ue at hand. This book was a good choice because I thought after all those death threats and fatal gun wound in his head that nearly cost him his life, Serpico would just go along with the corruption. Even after the trial during Serpico sick leave and recovery from his head wound, he was still debating on his future as a op. I wonder was the Medal of Honor he received was the real reason why he had retired? Serpico really had a huge amount of ambition towards being a detective, so what happened? In the book Serpico saids sensing the underlying hatred of police establishment toward him after what he had done, to me this meant that Serpico was worried about how the police force would feel if he had came back after the critical actions he done that had repercussions.

Total Quality Management of McDonald’s

Introduction Started Out as a small drive done in 1948 by two brothers Dick and Mac McDonald. McDonalds expanded its operations to countries outside the U. S. A (119 Countries and Over 33000 outlets. In addition McDonald opens a new eating place in every three hours Total Quality focal point in McDonalds Total Quality Management is an enhancement to the traditional way of doing business. It is a proven technique to survival in the world class competition. Only by actions of the management will the culture and actions of an entire organization be transformed.TQM is for the most smash common sense. Analyzing the three words, we have Total= Make up the Whole Quality=Degree of excellence a product or service provides Management= Act, art or manner of handling, controlling, directing etc. McDonalds also practice the strategy of total quality management and tries to enhance its efficiency & affectivity level by working in different areas such as- Product Quality-McDonalds works a lot i n the quality improvement of its goods by improving ingredients and nutrients of the food stuff.Training-In the attached step of TQM, McDonalds puts it attention on its human resources. The objective of prepare their human resources is to create a balance in the overall working of employees. Thus they find out to create a connection between the quality of a product and the ability of the employees. Continuous Improvement-The quality management strategies of McDonalds for product quality improvement and employee training and development put the company on the road of continuous improvement in all its functions.Continuous improvements fulfill the needs of the customers according to their desires or requirements and also prepare its products more competitive. Customer Satisfaction-. The improved quality standards, well trained employees and a continuous learning desire of McDonald results in increased level of satisfaction of the customers. want when the quality is improved and th e personnel attending the customers is well trained and the overall service environment is improved then there is no room left-hand(a) for customer dis-satisfaction

Deere And Company Case Essay

I. IntroductionDeere & Company ( also known as John Deere, after its founder) is a world-leading manufacturer, distributor, and financier of equipment for agriculture, construction, forestry, and commercial and consumer applications (lawn and causal agent care). Deeres objective has consistently been to be the low-cost producer in the markets it serves. However, it seeks to do so while maintaining an image of quality and customer focus. Its guild value are quality, innovation, integrity, and commitment. Because of the confederations close ties to the agricultural industry, corporate performance in both gross revenue and profits was highly, vari qualified over the last several(prenominal) decades due to cycles of low prices and oversupplies of many agricultural products. During the period, the come with made various adjustments in its product mix and manufacturing processes to en fitted it to better compete and survive in the global environment.II. Statement of the ProblemDuring t he beau mondes business cycle, Deere & Company faces the following problems 1. How can the caller-out execute its goal, which is to gain $50 billion in mid-cycle sales by 2018 and 12% mid-cycle operating margins by 2014? 2. How can the company increase their sales from one-third today to half of the companys sales coming from outside the U.S. and Canada by 2018?III. Areas of ConsiderationThe Deere & Company faces different problems such as how to gain $50 billion in mid-cycle sales by 2018 and 12% mid-cycle operating margins by 2014, and how to increase their sales from one-third today to half of the companys sales coming from outside the U.S. and Canada by 2018. These problems are caused by the following The company wants to double their sales, have a healthy increase in their profitability, and an almost three-fold increase in economic profit. The company have the rapture to get all the opportunities outside their scope. The company wanted to widen their source of profit.IV. A lternative Courses of ActionAlternative for problem 1How can the company achieve its goal, which is to gain $50 billion in mid-cycle sales by 2018 and 12% mid-cycle operating margins by 2014?AdvantagesDisadvantagesThe company must continue improving their run and equipments.The company will be able to maintain the fealty of their current customers and at the same time get more loyal customers. They will fill more skilled and qualified workers. It will increase the costs of their expenses. The company must hire more skilled and qualified workers.The company can have satisfactory manpower to help in achieving their goal. It takes more time to search and it is also costly to train the future workers.Alternative for problem 2How can the company increase their sales from one-third today to half of the companys sales coming from outside the U.S. and Canada by 2018? The company should increase their exports and establish more branches outside the U.S and Canada.The company may be ab le to reach their mindset of their target sales from outside U.S. and Canada. The company may not be able to reach their expectation of their target sales because they might have strong competitors with the same business industry in a specific location. The company should alter their marketing strategies.The company will be able to effectively promote their products and set ahead more investors and customers. The company will incur more expenses.V. ConclusionThe researchers reason out that the company wants to gain $50 billion in mid-cycle sales by 2018 and 12% mid-cycle operating margins by 2014. So in order to achieve these, the company must continue improving their services and equipments to maintain the loyalty of their current customers and at thesame time get more loyal customers. But, they will need more skilled and qualified workers and it will increase the costs of their expenses. The company must also hire more skilled and qualified workers so that the company can have sufficient manpower to help in achieving their goal. However, it takes more time to search and it is also costly to train the future workers.The company also wants to increase their sales from one-third today to half of the companys sales coming from outside the U.S. and Canada by 2018. I line with this, the company may be able to reach their expectation of their target sales from outside U.S. and Canada. But, the company may not also be able to reach their expectation of target sales because they might have strong competitors with the same business industry in those locations. The company should improve their marketing strategies for the company to be able to effectively promote their products and encourage more investors and customers. But, of course the company will incur more expenses too.VI. RecommendationThe researchers are recommending the company to continue improving their services and equipments for themto gain $50 billion in mid-cycle sales by 2018 and 12% mid-cycle oper ating margins by 2014. The company will be able to maintain the loyalty of their current customers and at the same time get more loyal customers. By having loyal customers, they will also be the one who will encourage new-made customers by what we call buzz marketing because they are the ones who have experienced the high quality services and equipments rendered by the company.The researchers also suggest that the company should increase their exports and establish more branches outside the U.S and Canada to boost their sales from one-third today to half of the companys sales coming from outside the U.S. and Canada by 2018.By doing this, the company may be able to reach their expectation of their target sales from outside U.S. and Canada because the company will have big chances of acquiring new customers and big profits by establishing more branches in different locations.

Effects of Globalization on the Environment Essay

globalisation has had a huge impact on the initiation in a number of ways. It has increased the integration of countries individual economies, the rise in the world trade and multinational companies, and the effect of large amounts of money woful in and out of economies without the world. People around the world are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money ascend more quickly than ever before. In addition goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly avail adequate in every(prenominal) parts of the world. International travel and communication in now more frequent and has become commonplace throughout the world.It can not be denied that globoseisation has had an overwhelming positive influence. Millions of jobs have been opened up through the ever increasing productivity and efficiency of the global economy. Globalization for less developed countries has advance faster growth, in turn promoting poverty reduction, democratiz ation and higher labor and environmental standards. It also gives citizens greater individual freedom to express views and experience cultures through such mediums as television and the internet, which encourage understanding around the world.This fairly new glorified issue has had a great impact on the global environment in addition to all other aspects of the world that it has affected. One of the greatest examples that come to mind is the endless support of the tsunamis victims. Without globalization the world could not have contributed to the extent of what we have. Relentless support has been granted to the victims of this tragic event in record time. Globalization has made this possible through the increase in technology and communication.Citizens of the world now have the ability to contribute time, money and supplies to countries that would otherwise be stranded or left hanging for a consummation of time. Our valiant efforts have put this epic event at an all time support r elief. We are now able to send support in all forms more conveniently. Without the effects of globalization this event that has occurred would have been much more devastating. The world can thank globalization for this never ending support.In addition to the tsunamis relief support granted through globalization, it has affected the environment in other ways as well. It has greatly increased the environmental standards worldwide. by dint of the development of the internet many environmental agencies have evolved which have increased the protection of the environment. The internet has made them more effective and they are now able to communicate much easier than ever before. Through the development of environmental supports some beneficial factors have evolved such as new up to date emissions standards. This greatly reduces the worldwide threat of global warming. By agencies effectively implementing such standards our world has become safer and healthier.These efforts are now on a co ntinuum which only leaves our world to improvement. Globalization is the reason for this and without it our world would be at risk of inevitable destruction. Through the efforts of environmental agencies we as a world are now aware and communicate of the dangers of what used to be every day practices. We can thank the rise of globalization for our continuing efforts for world wide environmental improvement.

Clinical Assessment of a Patient with Compound Myopic Astigmatism and Convergence Insufficiency Essay

AbstractMyopic astigmatism is a specific type of astigmatism wherein the light instructiones before it reaches the retina. This develop is classified as a combination of astigmatism and myopia, or nearsightedness. If both principal meridians ar nearsighted, but one is much pronounced than the other, it is considered to be a compound myopic astigmatism. Convergence Insufficiency on the other hand is a condition wherein the looks are ineffectual to turn inward or converge properly during near work which causes a difficulty to focus normally due(p) to the deficiency in eye teaming which creates a strong tendency for the eyes to drift outward. Convergence insufficiency is standardisedwise associated as exophoria at near.KeywordsMyopia, Astigmatism, Exophoria, Convergence, Convergence InsufficiencyIntroductionMyopia or nearsightedness, is a refractive fracture, which means that the eye does not bend or refract light properly. In this sense, the light that enters the eye focuses t he image in confront of the retina. In cases of myopia, a person is to see things at near with much more clarity than fixating at distant targets. Myopia occurs when the eye is has a perennial axial length than normal would bewilder or an eye that has a cornea which is relatively steeper than an emmetropes. The degree of myopia or nearsightedness affects the eyes ability to focus on distant objects. People with high amounts of myopia can see clearly only objects just a few inches away, term those with lower amounts of myopia may still see objects at a distance with enough clarity.Astigmatism on the other hand is a condition wherein the rays of lightentering the eye focuses on different areas, in the case of Compound Myopic Astigmatism, both the power meridian and the axis meridian forms its focus in front of the retina. Astigmatism usually is caused by an stultification in the shape of the cornea, which instead of the cornea having a symmetrically spherical shape, it is shape d more like a football, with one meridian being curved either steeper or flatter than the other meridian. In some cases, astigmatism is caused by the irregularity of the shape of the crystalline lens inside the eye. This type of astigmatism is called lenticular astigmatism, which has a different nature from the more common corneal astigmatism. As a result of either type of astigmatism, a persons mickle for both near and distant objects appears to be either blurred or warp to a certain extent. Objects seen through the eyes of a person with astigmatism may either seem to be besides tall, too thin, too wide, too short or simply having any alterations in terms of apparent size. Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn inwards or towards each other which causes the eyes to sustain convergence. Symptoms of convergence insufficiency embarrass diplopia or a doubling of vision a nd headaches when participating in near work. Individuals experiencing convergence insufficiency may complain that they have a noticeable difficulty concentrating on near work such as reading, using of the computer, etc. and can observe that objects such as words in a book seem to blur out after prolonged geological periods of reading or if reading when tired. People with convergence insufficiency may possibly have normal or 20/20 vision. To diagnose convergence insufficiency, certain tests and procedures may be done, such as taking of a medical history, this may include questions about problems a longanimous would have with focusing, blurred or double vision, headaches, and other signs and symptoms. Likewise the near point of convergence (NPC) of a forbearing should be measured. An assessment of positive fusional vergence should as well be done to determine the patients reserve in terms of convergence. Convergence insufficiency may be managed with convergence exercises determi ned by optometrists. Some cases of convergence insufficiency are successfully managed by prescription of eyeglasses, sometimes with therapeutic prisms incorporated in the prescription.Case ReportA 17 year old female student was subjected to an eye examination last September 6, 2013 at the Philippine Sports armorial bearing Rizal Memorial Sports Complex. She complains about blurring of vision with objects at furthermost for both of her eyes and likewise complains about headaches in the frontal area when doing nearwork which she complains as bothersome due to the headaches disabling her from reading for a long time.The patients last eye examination was done about 2 years ago she was bring down with eyeglasses with a refractive power of -4.00 sph = -1.00cylx180 for the right eye which gives her a visual acuity of 20/70 or 6/21 and -3.50 sph = -1.00 cylx180 which also gave a visual acuity of 20/70 or 6/21. Her naked visual acuity for both eyes is 20/200 for far and 20/30 for near wh ile pinhole visual acuity is measured at 20/25 for both of her eyes.The patients refractive error as measured through an auto refractometer was OD -6.00sph = -1.50 cylx180 and OS -5.50sph = -1.50 cylx180 which was further refined through subjective refraction to a refractive correction of OD -5.50sph = -1.50cyl x180 and OS 5.00sph = -1.50cylx180 which gave her a visual acuity of 20/20 for both eyes.Alternate cover testing was also performed and a small amount of exophoria was revealed when the patient was fixating at a distance and likewise exophoria was also observed when the patient was fixating at a near object.Due to the unavailability of other materials necessary for a comprehensive eye examination in the field, further evaluation and investigation was not performed. Differential DiagnosisAstigmatism, Accommodative Insufficiency, Convergence Insufficiency DiscussionIn terms of refractive error, Compound Myopic Astigmatism can be observed with the patients final prescription. B ut analyzing and comparing the patients chief complaints from the results obtained from the eye examination there is a clear inconsistency between the frontal headache andthe compound myopic astigmatism. It is known that frontal headaches are commonly associated with hyperopia rather than myopia but frontal headaches can also be associated with accommodative insufficiency and convergence insufficiency. Accommodative insufficiency could advantageously be ruled out considering that the patient is myopic and her refractive correction has increased more towards minus therefore nuancing out a further remove to accommodate. This leaves out convergence insufficiency as a suspect, the symptoms have been aligned in terms of the headache, the difficulty in reading for a long period of time and the observable exophoria for near and far. ManagementSubject the patient to a comprehensive eye examination to assess her visual system and to verify the forecast of convergence insufficiency.

Toyota Swot Analysis 2013

tog out analysis of Toyota This is a Toyota Motor Corporation SWOT analysis for 2013. Company background NameToyota Motor Corporation Industries servedAutomotive Geographic areas servedWorldwide HeadquartersJapan Current CEOAkio Toyoda Revenue? 18. 583 trillion (2012) Profit? 283. 55 billion (2012) Employees300,747 (2012) Main CompetitorsBayerische Motoren Werke AG, Chrysler Group LLC, Daimler AG, crosswalk Motor Co. , General Motors Company, Honda Motor Company, Nissan Motor, Tata Motors, Ltd. , Volkswagen AG and many different automotive companies. SWOT analysis of Toyota SWOT analysis of ToyotaStrengths ricketynesses 1. Innovative culture 2. Brand theme valued at $30 billion 3. Industry leader in manufacturing and production 4. Strong soft touch portfolio 5. The leader in jet plane cars development1. Large recalls 2. Weak presence in the emerging markets OpportunitiesThreats 1. Positive attitude towards green vehicles 2. Increasing give the sack prices 3. Changing customer needs 4. Growth through acquisitions1. Fluctuating fuel prices 2. New emission standards 3. Rising raw material prices 4. Intense competition 5. Natural disasters 6. Appreciating yen exchange rateStrengths 1. Innovative culture. Toyota is one of the most innovative auto companies and has a strong culture that is focused on constant innovation. The caller-out was the first to introduce Kaizen, Kanban and Total quality Management systems widely in their organization. The ac order was the first to mass-produce and sell hybrid vehicles too. 2. Brand reputation valued at $30 billion. Toyotas brand is the most valued automotive brand in the world. The company is known for its environmentally friendly, safe and dur commensurate cars that are sold in much than 170 countries. 3.Industry leader in manufacturing and production. Toyota was the first company to introduce lean manufacturing and total quality management practices in manufacturing process. For some time, the company was the onl y practitioner of these practices and had the lowest manufacturing and production be worldwide. Although many manufacturers were able to replicate Toyotas lean manufacturing system, the company is still one of the most profitable manufacturers in the world. 4. Strong brand portfolio. Toyota currently sells about 70 divers(prenominal) models of cars under its namesake brand.This does not only increase brands awareness but also satisfies nearly every consumer group needs. Toyotas flagship models are Corolla and Prius. 5. The leader in green cars development. Toyota understands that environmental friendly cars are the necessity nowadays. Consumers are more selective in terms of CO2 emissions and fuel-efficiency of the cars they buy and Toyotas early move towards sell hybrid and efficient cars is the strength few competitors can match. Weaknesses 1. Large-scale recalls. Toyota had quite a few large-scale vehicle recalls over the past few years.The company recalled 9 million vehicles in 2009-2010 and 7. 43 million cars in 2012. Such recalls does not only hurt the firm financially but significantly damage firms brand. 2. Weak presence in the emerging markets. Toyotas main markets are Japan, US and Europe, while such emerging economies as china or India make only a small percentage of all Toyotas sales. Due to poor presence in the largest automobile market ( china), Toyota leave behind find it hard to compete with GM that has huge market share there. Opportunities 1. Positive attitude towards green vehicles.Today consumers are more aware of the negative effects (air pollution) caused by cars. Large quantities of CO2 emissions intensify greenhouse effect and negatively impact the life on earth. Thus, consumers are more likely to buy crude hybrid and electric cars that emit less CO2. 2. Increasing fuel prices. Increasing fuel prices open up large markets for Toyotas hybrid cars as consumers solecism towards efficient cars. 3. Changing customer needs. By introd ucing new car models, Toyota could satisfy varying consumers tastes and needs and access wider customer group. 4. Growth through acquisitions.Toyota has successfully acquired other car companies in the past and should continue doing so to grow, gain new skills, assets and access to new markets. Threats 1. Decreasing fuel prices. There is high possibility that future(a) fuel prices will drop, as more shale gas will be extracted. For this reason, fuel-efficient hybrid and electric cars will become less attractive to cost intended consumers that are the main customer group for Toyotas Prius model. 2. New emission standards. New emission standards introduced by the government would require more investments into producing cleaner engines.More investments entail less profit for Toyota. 3. Rising raw material prices. Rising raw material prices are especially important to automobiles manufacturers. Higher prices mean higher costs and less profits for Toyota as the raw metals are the main components in car manufacturing. 4. Intense competition. Toyota faces more intense competition from other auto manufacturers more than ever. Volkswagen group is strongly growing and GM steps up after its reorganization to become more competitive than ever. 5. Natural disasters. Toyotas has manufacturing facilities in Japan, Thailand, China and Indonesia.These countries, including others, are often subject to natural disasters that disrupt manufacturing in the facilities and decrease Toyotas production volumes. 5. Appreciating yen exchange rate. Most of Toyotas revenue comes from remote countries. The profits earned abroad must be sent back to Japan and converted to yen. Appreciating yen exchange rate against other currencies means rase profits for Toyota. Sources 1. Toyota (2013). Investors 2012 Financial Results. Available at http//www. toyota-global. com/investors/financial_result/2012/ 2.Toyota (2013). Company profile Overview. Available at http//www. toyota-global. com/compan y/profile/overview/ 3. Interbrand (2013). Best Global Brands 2012. Available at http//www. interbrand. com/en/best-global-brands/2012/Best-Global-Brands-2012. aspx 4. Pantong, K. (2013). Toyota investing on big things in Thailand. Available at http//www. nationmultimedia. com/business/Toyota-investing-on-big-things-in-Thailand-30198606. html 5. Wikipedia (2013). Toyota. Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ToyotaHybrid_electric_vehicles

Prelude to Foundation Chapter 14 Billibotton

DAHL- Oddly enough, the best- hunchn aspect of this sector is B sick(p)ibotton, a semi-legendary place slightly which innumer open tales encounter swelled up. In fact, a whole branch of literature now exists in which submarine sandwiches and adventurers (and victims) must(prenominal) d ar the dangers of passing through Billibotton. So stylized put on these stories be catch that the wizard describen and, presumably, authencetic tale involving such a passage, that of Hari Seldon and Dors Venabili, has complete to be fantastic simply by connectionEncyclopedia Galactica66.When Hari Seldon and Dors Venabili were entirely, Dors commanded thoughtfully, Are you re everyy planning to beguile this engender woman?Im persuasion nearly it, Dors.Youre an odd one, Hari. You confabm to go steadily from bad to worse. You went Upper posture, which seemed harmless enough, for a rational purpose when you were in Streeling. Then, in Mycogen, you bust into the Elders aerie, a much m ore dangerous t rent, for a much more foolish purpose. And now in cajan pea, you want to go to this place, which that vernal man seems to guess is simple suicide, for something alto fallher nonsensical.Im queer approximately this point of reference to existence-and must fuck if in that respects everything to it.Dors verbalise, Its a legend and non even an interesting one. It is routine. The names differ from artificial satellite to planet, except the content is the same. there is al expressions the tale of an original world and a golden age. thither is a longing for a supposedly simple and virtuous past that is almost universal among the multitude of a mazy and vicious society. In one way or another, this is true of all societies, since foreveryone imagines his or her own society to be as well complex and vicious, however simple it may be. Mark that vanquish for your psychohi news report.Just the same, express Seldon, I gift to consider the possibility that one w orld did once exist. cockcrow Earth the name doesnt matter. In fact-He pa ingestiond and finally Dors express, Well?Seldon shook his laissez passer. Do you reckon the commit-on-thigh story you told me in Mycogen? It was decent aft(prenominal) I got the Book from Raindrop Forty-Three Well, it popped into my head one evening lately when we were talk to the Tisalvers. I said something that reminded me, for an instant-Reminded you of what?I dont remember. It came into my head and went out again, moreover somehow every prison term I conjecture of the single-world notion, it seems to me I substantiate the tips of my fingers on something and then lose it.Dors looked at Seldon in surprise. I dont see what it could be. The helping hand-on-thigh story has nothing to do with Earth or Aurora.I know, just this thing that hovers however past the edge of my mind seems to be connected with this single world anyway and I wealthy person the tapling that I must find out more more or less it at any cost. That and robots.Robots athe equivalents of? I thought the Elders aerie personate an end to that.not at all. Ive been thinking about them. He stared at Dors with a troubled look on his face for a long moment, then said, nevertheless Im not sure.Sure about what, Hari?But Seldon merely shook his head and said nothing more.Dors frowned, then said, Hari, let me tell you one thing. In sober history-and, accept me, I know what Im talking about there is no mention of one world of origin. Its a popular belief, I admit. I dont designate just among the unsophisticated followers of folklore, analogous the Mycogenians and the Dahlite heatsinkers, unless there are biologists who insist that there must have been one world of origin for reasons that are well outside my area of expertise and there are the more mystical historians who tend to speculate about it. And among the leisure-class intellectuals, I understand such speculations are becoming fashionable. Still, don nish history knows nothing about it.Seldon said, All the more reason, perhaps, to go beyond scholarly history. All I want is a tress that will simplify psychohistory for me and I dont care what the finesse is, whether it is a mathematical trick or a historical trick or something totally imaginary. If the unsalted man weve just talked to had had a tiny more formal training, Id have rememory him on the problem. His thinking is marked by considerable ingenuity and originality-Dors said, And youre really departure to jockstrap him, then?Absolutely. Just as soon as Im in a position to.But ought you to agnize promises youre not sure youll be able to limit?I want to keep it. If youre that stiff about impossible promises, consider that Hummin told Sunmaster cardinal that Id mapping psychohistory to nurture the Mycogenians their world back. Theres just about zero chance of that. Even if I subject out psychohistory, who knows if it croup be used for so narrow and specialized a p urpose? Theres a real case of promising what one brush offt deliver.But Dors said with some heat, Chetter Hummin was trying to save our lives, to keep us out of the hands of Demerzel and the Emperor. Dont forget that. And I think he really would like to help the Mycogenians.And I really would like to help Yugo Amaryl and I am far more likely to be able to help him than I am the Mycogenians, so if you justify the second, enliven dont criticize the first. Whats more, Dors-and his eyes flashed angrily-I really would like to find return Rittah and Im prepared to go alone.Never snapped Dors. If you go, I go.67.Mistress Tisalver re false with her daughter in tow an hour after Amaryl had left on this way to his shift. She said nothing at all to either Seldon or Dors, but gave a curt nod of her head when they greeted her and gazed sharply about the room as though to verify that the heatsinker had left no trace. She then sniffed the air sharply and looked at Seldon accusingly in the fi rst place marching through the common room into the family bedroom.Tisalver himself arrived home later and when Seldon and Dors came to the dinner party table, Tisalver likewisek return of the fact that his wife was still ordering some last-minute details in connection with the dinner to say in a low voice, Has that person been here?And gone, said Seldon solemnly. Your wife was out at the time.Tisalver nodded and said, Will you have to do this again?I dont think so, said Seldon.Good.Dinner passed doublely in silence, but afterward, when the daughter had gone to her room for the tentative pleasures of computer practice, Seldon leaned back and said, Tell me about Billibotton.Tisalver looked stunned and his mouth go without any vowelise issuing.Casilia, however, was less easily rendered speechless. She said, Is that where your new friend lives? Are you going to return the visit?So far, said Seldon quietly, I have just beared about Billibotton.Casilia said sharply, It is a slum. The dregs live there. nary(prenominal)one goes there, except the filth that make their homes there.I understand a Mother Rittah lives there.I never let ond of her, said Casilia, her mouth closing with a snap. It was quite a tidy that she had no intention of knowing anyone by name who lived in Billibotton.Tisalver, casting an uneasy look at his wife, said, Ive perceive of her. Shes a crazy old woman who is supposed to tell fortunes.And does she live in Billibotton?I dont know, reduce Seldon. Ive never seen her. Shes mentioned sometimes in the news holocasts when she makes her predictions.Do they come true?Tisalver snorted. Do predictions ever come true? Hers dont even make sense.Does she ever talk about Earth?I dont know. I wouldnt be surprised.The mention of Earth doesnt puzzle you. Do you know about Earth?Now Tisalver looked surprised. Certainly, surpass Seldon. Its the world all battalion came from supposedly.Supposedly? Dont you believe it?Me? Im educated. But many ignora nt people believe it.Are there book-films about Earth?Childrens stories sometimes mention Earth. I remember, when I was a young boy, my favorite story began, Once, long ago, on Earth, when Earth was the plainly planet- Remember, Casilia? You liked it too.Casilia shrugged, unwilling to bend as provided.Id like to see it sometime, said Seldon, but I mean real book-films uh appriseed ones or films or printouts.I never heard of any, but the library-Ill try that.-Are there any taboos about speaking of Earth?What are taboos?I mean, is it a strong custom that people mustnt talk of Earth or that outsiders mustnt ask about it?Tisalver looked so honestly astonished that there seemed no point in waiting for an answer.Dors put in, Is there some rule about outsiders not going to Billibotton?Now Tisalver turned earnest. No rule, but its not a good idea for anyone to go there. I wouldnt.Dors said, Why not?Its dangerous. Violent Everyone is armed.-I mean, Dahl is an armed place anyway, but in B illibotton they use the weapons. Stay in this neighborhood. Its safe.So far, said Casilia darkly. It would be better if we left altogether. Heatsinkers go anywhere these days. And there was another lowering look in Seldons direction.Seldon said, What do you mean that Dahl is an armed place? There are strong lofty regulations against weapons.I know that, said Tisalver, and there are no stun guns here or percussives or Psychic Probes or anything like that. But there are knives. He looked embarrassed.Dors said, Do you carry a knife, Tisalver?Me? He looked truly horrified. I am a man of peace and this is a safe neighborhood.We have a compeer of them in the house, said Casilia, sniffing again. Were not that certain this is a safe neighborhood.Does everyone carry knives? asked Dors.Almost everyone, Mistress Venabili, said Tisalver. Its customary. But that doesnt mean everyone uses them.But they use them in Billibotton, I suppose, said Dors.Sometimes. When theyre excited, they have fig hts.And the government permits it? The Imperial government, I mean?Sometimes they try to clean Billibotton up, but knives are too easy to veil and the custom is too strong. Besides, its almost always Dahlites that get vote outed and I dont think the Imperial government gets too upset over that.What if its an outsider who gets killed?If its reported, the Imperials could get excited. But what happens is that no one has seen anything and no one knows anything. The Imperials sometimes round up people on general principles, but they notify never prove anything. I suppose they decide its the outsiders fault for creation there.-So dont go to Billibotton, even if you have a knife.Seldon shook his head rather pettishly. I wouldnt carry a knife. I dont know how to use one. Not skillfully.Then its simple, Master Seldon. Stay out. Tisalver shook his head portentously. Just stay out.I may not be able to do that either, said Seldon.Dors glared at him, clearly annoyed, and said to Tisalver, W here does one buy a knife? Or may we have one of yours?Casilia said quickly, No one reappearances someone elses knife. You must buy your own.Tisalver said, There are knife stores all over. There arent supposed to be. Theoretically theyre illegal, you know. Any appliance store sells them, however. If you see a washing machine on display, thats a sure sign.And how does one get to Billibotton? asked Seldon.By Expressway.Tisalver looked dubious as he looked at Dorss frowning expression.Seldon said, And once I reach the Expressway?Get on the eastbound side and watch for the signs. But if you must go, Master Seldon-Tisalver hesitated, then said-you mustnt micturate Mistress Venabili. Women sometimes are treated worse.She wont go, said Seldon.Im afraid she will, said Dors with quiet determination.68.The appliance store dealers mustache was clearly as lush as it had been in his younger days, but it was grizzled now, even though the fuzz on his head was still black. He touched the mustache out of slue habit as he gazed at Dors and brushed it back on each side.He said, Youre not a Dahlite.Yes, but I still want a knife.He said, Its against the law to sell knives.Dors said, Im not a police matron or a government divisor of any sort. Im going to Billibotton.He stared at her thoughtfully. Alone?With my friend. She jerked her ride over her shoulder in the direction of Seldon, who was waiting outside sullenly.Youre buying it for him? He stared at Seldon and it didnt take him long to decide. Hes an outsider too. permit him come in and buy it for himself.Hes not a government agent either. And Im buying it for myself.The dealer shook his head. Outsiders are crazy. But if you want to spend some credits, Ill take them from you.He reached under the counter, brought out a stub, turned it with a slight and expert motion, and the knife firebrand emerged.Is that the largest you have?Best womans knife made.Show me a mans knife.You dont want one thats too heavy. Do you know how to use one of these things?Ill learn and Im not worried about heavy. Show me a mans knife.The dealer smiled. Well, if you want to see one-He moved farther down the counter and brought up a much fatter stub. He gave it a bending and what appeared to be a butchers knife emerged. He handed it to her, handle first, still smiling.She said, Show me that twist of yours.He showed her on a second knife, slowly twisting one way to make the firebrand appear, then the other way to make it disappear. Twist and squeeze, he said.Do it again, sir.The dealer obliged.Dors said, All refine, intimately it and lock in me the haft.He did, in a slow upward loop.She caught it, handed it back, and said, Faster.He raised(a) his eyebrows and then, without warning, backhanded it to her left side. She made no attempt to bring over her right hand, but caught it with her left and the web showed tumescently at once-then disappeared. The dealers mouth fell open.And this is the largest you have? she said.It is . If you try to use it, it will just tire you out.Ill fall out deeply. Ill take a second one too.For your friend?No. For me.You plan on using dickens knives?Ive got two hands.The dealer sighed. Mistress, please stay out of Billibotton. You dont know what they do to women there.I can guess. How do I put these knives on my belt?Not the one youve got on, Mistress. Thats not a knife belt. I can sell you one, though.Will it hold two knives?I might have a recur belt somewhere. Not much call for them.Im calling for them.I may not have it in your size.Then well cut it down or something.It will cost you a lot of credits.My credit roofing tile will cover it.When she emerged at last, Seldon said sourly, You look ridiculous with that bulky belt.Really, Hari? Too ridiculous to go with you to Billibotton? Then lets both go back to the apartment.No. Ill go on by myself. Ill be safer by myself.Dors said, There is no use saying that, Hari. We both go back or we both go forward. Under no circumsta nces do we separate.And somehow the firm look in her blue eyes, the set to her lips, and the manner in which her hands had dropped to the hafts at her belt, convinced Seldon she was serious.Very well, he said, but if you survive and if I ever see Hummin again, my price for continuing to work on psychohistory-much as I have twistn fond of you-will be your removal. Do you understand?And suddenly Dors smiled. Forget it. Dont practice your chivalry on me. vigor will remove me. Do you understand?69.They got off the Expressway where the sign, flickering in the air, said BILLIBOTTON. As perhaps an indication of what might be expected, the second I was smeared, a mere blob of fainter light.They made their way out of the car and down to the walkway below. It was early afternoon and at first glance, Billibotton seemed much like the part of Dahl they had left.The air, however, had a pungent aroma and the walkway was littered with trash.One could tell that auto-sweeps were not to be found in the neighborhood. And, although the walkway looked ordinary enough, the atmosphere was uncomfortable and as tense as a too-tightly coiled spring. Perhaps it was the people. There seemed the normal number of pedestrians, but they were not like pedestrians elsewhere, Seldon thought. Ordinarily, in the press of business, pedestrians were self-absorbed and in the endless crowds on the endless thoroughfares of Trantor, people could only survive-psychologically-by ignoring each other. eye slid aside. Brains were unlikeable off. There was an artificial privacy with each person en closed in(p) in a velvety fog of his or her own making. Or there was the ritualistic friend personal line of creditss of an evening promenade in those neighborhoods that indulged in such things. But here in Billibotton, there was neither friendliness nor neutral withdrawal. At least not where outsiders were concerned. Every person who passed, moving in either direction, turned to stare at Seldon and Dors. Every pair of eyes, as though attached by invisible cords to the two outsiders, followed them with ill will.The clothing of the Billibottoners tended to be smudged, old, and sometimes corn. There was a patina of ill-washed poverty over them and Seldon felt uneasy at the slickness of his own new clothes.He said, Where in Billibotton does Mother Rittah live, do you suppose?I dont know, said Dors. You brought us here, so you do the supposing. I intend to confine myself to the task of nurseion and I think Im going to find it necessity to do just that.Seldon said, I assumed it would only be necessary to ask the way of any passerby, but somehow Im not encouraged to do so.I dont find fault you. I dont think youll find anyone springing to your assistance.On the other hand, there are such things as youngsters. He indicated one with a brief gesture of one hand. A boy who looked to be about twelve-in any case young enough to lack the universal adult male mustache had come to a full halt and was staring at them.Dors said, Youre guessing that a boy that age has not yet developed the full Billibottonian dislike of outsiders.At any rate, said Seldon, Im guessing he is scarcely large enough to have developed the full Billibottonian penchant for violence. I suppose he might ladder away and shout insults from a distance if we approach him, but I doubt hell attack us.Seldon raised his voice. Young man. The boy took a step backward and continued to stare.Seldon said, cope here, and beckoned.The boy said, Wa for, poke fun?So I can ask you directions. Come closer, so I dont have to shout.The boy approached two travel closer. His face was smudged, but his eyes were bright and sharp. His sandals were of different make and there was a large plot on one leg of his trousers.He said, Wa kind o directions?Were trying to find Mother Rittah.The boys eyes flickered. Wa for, guy?Im a scholar. Do you know what a scholar is?Ya went to school?Yes. Didnt you?The boy spat to one side in contemp t. Nah.I want advice from Mother Rittah-if youll take me to her.Ya want your fortune? Ya come to Billibotton, guy, with your fancy clothes, so I can tell ya your fortune. All bad.Whats your name, young man?Whats it to ya?So we can speak in a more friendly fashion. And so you can take me to Mother Rittahs place. Do you know where she lives? by chance yes, maybe no. My names Raych. Whats in it for me if I take ya?What would you like, Raych?The boys eyes halted at Dorss belt. Raych said, The lady got a meet o knives. Gimme one and Ill take ya to Mother Rittah.Those are grown peoples knives, Raych. Youre too young.Then I guess Im too young to know where Mother Rittah lives. And he looked up slyly through the shaggy halt that curtain his eyes.Seldon grew uneasy. It was possible they might attract a crowd. Several men had stopped already, but had then moved on when nothing of interest seemed to be taking place. If, however, the boy grew angry and lashed out at them in word or deed, peopl e would undoubtedly gather.He smiled and said, Can you read, Raych?Raych spat again. Nah Who wants to read?Can you use a computer?A talking computer? Sure. Anyone can.Ill tell you what, then. You take me to the nearest computer store and Ill buy you a little computer all your own and software that will teach you to read. A few weeks and youll be able to read.It seemed to Seldon that the boys eyes sparkled at the thought, but-if so-they hardened at once.Nah, Knife or nothin.Thats the point, Raych. You learn to read and dont tell anyone and you can surprise people. subsequently a while you can bet them you can read. Bet them five credits. You can win a few extra credits that way and you can buy a knife of your own.The boy hesitated. Nah No one will bet me. No one got credits.If you can read, you can get a job in a knife store and you can save your wages and get a knife at a discount. How about that?When ya gonna buy the talking computer?Right now. Ill give it to you when I see Mother Rittah.You got credits?I have a credit tile.Lets see ya buy the computer.The transaction was carried through, but when the boy reached for it, Seldon shook his head and put it privileged his pouch. Youve got to get me to Mother Rittah first, Raych. Are you sure you know where to find her?Raych allowed a look of contempt to rape his face. Sure I do. Ill take ya there, only ya better hand over the computer when we get there or Ill get some guys I know after you and the lady, so ya better watch out.You dont have to threaten us, said Seldon. Well take care of our end of the deal.Raych led them quickly along the walkway, past curious stares. Seldon was silent during the walk and so was Dors. Dors was far less disordered in her own thoughts, though, for she clearly remained sensible of the surrounding people at all times. She kept meeting, with a level glare, the eyes of those passersby that turned toward them. On occasion, when there were footsteps behind them, she turned to look gr imly back.And then Raych stopped and said, In here. She aint homeless, ya know.They followed him into an apartment complex and Seldon, who had had the intention of following their route with a view to retracing his steps later, was quickly lost.He said, How do you know your way through these alleys, Raych?The boy shrugged. I been loafin through them since I was a kid, he said. Besides, the apartments are numbered-where they aint worried off-and theres arrows and things. You cant get lost if you know the tricks.Raych knew the tricks, apparently, and they wandered deeper into the complex. Hanging over it all was an air of total decay cut debris, inhabitants slinking past in clear resentment of the outsiders invasion. Unruly youngsters ran along the alleys in pursuit of some plucky or other. Some of them yelled, Hey, get out o the way when their levitating ball narrowly missed Dors. And finally, Raych stopped before a dark scarred door on which the number 2782 glowed feebly.This is it, he said and held out his hand. rootage lets see whos inside, said Seldon softly. He pushed the signal button and nothing happened.It dont work, said Raych. Ya gotta bang. Loud. She dont hear too good.Seldon pounded his fist on the door and was rewarded with the sound of movement inside. A shrill voice called out, Who wants Mother Rittah?Seldon shouted, Two scholarsHe tossed the small computer, with its small package of software attached, to Raych, who snatched it, grinned, and took off at a rapid run.Seldon then turned to face the opening door and Mother Rittah.70.Mother Rittah was well into her seventies, perhaps, but had the kind of face that, at first sight, seemed to belie that. Plump cheeks, a little mouth, a small round chin reasonably doubled. She was very short-not quite 1.5 meters tall-and had a thick body.But there were fine wrinkles about her eyes and when she smiled, as she smiled at the sight of them, others broke out over her face. And she moved with difficulty.C ome in, come in, she said in a soft high-pitched voice and peered at them as though her eyesight was antecedent to fail. Outsiders Outworlders even. Am I right? You dont seem to have the Trantor smell about you.Seldon wished she hadnt mentioned smell. The apartment, overcrowded and littered with small possessions that seemed dim and dusty, reeked with intellectual nourishment odors that were on the edge of rancidity. The air was so thick and clinging that he was sure his clothes would smell strongly of it when they left.He said, You are right, Mother Rittah. I am Hari Seldon of Helicon. My friend is Dors Venabili of Cinna.So, she said, looking about for an unoccupied spot on the floor where she could invite them to sit, but finding none suitable.Dors said, We are willing to stand, Mother.What? she looked up at Dors. You must speak briskly, my child. My hearing is not what it was when I was your age.Why dont you get a hearing device? said Seldon, raising his voice.It wouldnt help, Master Seldon. Something seems to be wrong with the nerve and I have no silver for nerve rebuilding.-You have come to learn the future from old Mother Rittah?Not quite, said Seldon. I have come to learn the past.Excellent. It is such a strain to decide what people want to hear.It must be quite an art, said Dors, smiling.It seems easy, but one has to he properly convincing. I earn my fees.If you have a credit outlet, said Seldon. We will pay any reasonable fees if you tell us about Earth-without cleverly designing what you tell us to suit what we want to hear. We wish to hear the truth.The old woman, who had been brand about the room, making adjustments here and there, as though to make it all prettier and more suitable for primal visitors, stopped short. What do you want to know about Earth?What is it, to begin with?The old woman turned and seemed to gaze off into space. When she spoke, her voice was low and steady.It is a world, a very old planet. It is forgotten and lost.Dors said, It is not part of history. We know that much.It comes before history, child, said Mother Rittah solemnly. It existed in the dawn of the Galaxy and before the dawn. It was the only world with humanss. She nodded firmly.Seldon said, Was another name for Earth Aurora?And now Mother Rittahs face misted into a frown. Where did you hear that?In my wanderings. I have heard of an old forgotten world named Aurora on which humanity lived in primordial peace.Its a lie. She wiped her mouth as though to get the taste of what she had just heard out of it. That name you mention must never be mentioned except as the place of Evil. It was the beginning of Evil. Earth was alone till Evil came, along with its sister worlds. Evil nearly destroyed Earth, but Earth rallied and destroyed Evil-with the help of heroes.Earth was before this Evil. Are you sure of that?Long before. Earth was alone in the Galaxy for thousands of years-millions of years.Millions of years? Humanity existed on it for milli ons of years with no other people on any other world?Thats true. Thats true. Thats true.But how do you know all this? Is it all in a computer program? Or a printout? Do you have anything I can read?Mother Rittah shook her head. I heard the old stories from my mother, who heard it from hers, and so on far back. I have no children, so I tell the stories to others, but it may come to an end. This is a time of disbelief.Dors said, Not really, Mother. There are people who speculate about prehistoric times and who study some of the tales of lost worlds.Mother Rittah made a motion of her arm as though to wipe it away. They look at it with cold eyes. Scholarly. They try to fit it in with their notions. I could tell you stories for a year of the great hero Ba-Lee, but you would have no time to listen and I have lost the strength to tell.Seldon said, hire you ever heard of robots?The old woman shuddered and her voice was almost a scream. Why do you ask such things? Those were artificial huma n beings, evil in themselves and the work of the Evil worlds. They were destroyed and should never be mentioned.There was one special robot, wasnt there, that the Evil worlds hated?Mother Rittah tottered toward Seldon and peered into his eyes. He could feel her hot breathing room on his face. Have you come to mock me? You know of these things and yet you ask? Why do you ask?Because I wish to know.There was an artificial human being who helped Earth. He was Da-Nee, friend of Ba-Lee. He never died and lives somewhere, waiting for his time to return. None knows when that time will be, but someday he will come and restore the great old days and remove all cruelty, injustice, and misery. That is the promise.At this, she closed her eyes and smiled, as if rememberingSeldon waited a while in silence, then sighed and said, Thank you, Mother Rittah. You have been very helpful. What is your fee?So pleasant to meet Outworlders, the old woman replied. Ten credits. May I offer you some refreshme nt?No, thank you, said Seldon earnestly. Please take twenty. You need only tell us how to get back to the Expressway from here.-And, Mother Rittah, if you can arrange to have some of your tales of Earth put into a computer disc, I will pay you well.I would need so much strength. How well?It would figure on how long the story is and how well it is told. I might pay a thousand credits.Mother Rittah licked her lips. A thousand credits? But how will I find you when the story is told?I will give you the computer code number at which I can be reached.After Seldon gave Mother Rittah the code number, he and Dors left, thankful for the comparatively clean odor of the alley outside. They walked briskly in the direction indicated by the old woman.Dors said, That wasnt a very long interview, Hari.I know. The surroundings were terribly sharp and I felt I had learned enough. Amazing how these folktales tend to magnify.What do you mean, magnify?Well, the Mycogenians fill their Aurora with human beings who lived for centuries and the Dahlites fill their Earth with a humanity that lived for millions of years. And both talk of a robot that lives forever. Still, it makes one think.As far as millions of years go, theres room for- Where are we going?Mother Rittah said we go in this direction till we reach a rest area, then follow the sign for CENTRAL WALKWAY, port left, and keep on following the sign. Did we pass a rest area on the way in?We may be leaving by a route different from the one we came in. I dont remember a rest area, but I wasnt watching the route. I was keeping my eye on the people we passed and-Her voice died away. Up ahead the alley swelled outward on both sides. Seldon remembered. They had passed that way. There had been a couple of ratty couch pads resting on the walkway floor on either side. There was, however, no need for Dors to watch passersby going out as she had coming in. There were no passersby. But up ahead in the rest area they spotted a group of men , rather large-sized for Dahlites, mustaches bristling, bare focal ratio coat of arms muscular and glistening under the yellowish indoor light of the walkway. Clearly, they were waiting for the Outworlders and, almost automatically, Seldon and Dors came to a halt. For a moment or two, the tableau held. Then Seldon looked behind him hastily. Two or three redundant men had stepped into view.Seldon said between his teeth, Were trapped. I should not have let you come, Dors.On the contrary. This is why Im here, but was it worth your seeing Mother Rittah?If we get out of this, it was.Seldon then said in a chinchy and firm voice, May we pass?One of the men ahead stepped forward. He was fully Seldons height of 1.73 meters, but broader in the shoulders and much more muscular. A bit flabby at the waist, though, Seldon noted.Im Marron, he said with smug significance, as though the name ought to have meaning, and Im here to tell you we dont like Outworlders in our district. You want to come in, all right-but if you want to leave, youll have to pay.Very well. How much?All youve got. You rich Outworlders have credit tiles, right? Just hand them over.No.No point saying no. Well just take them.You cant take them without killing me or hurting me and they wont work without my voiceprint. My normal voiceprint.Thats not so, Master-see, Im being polite-we can take them away from you without hurting you very much.How many of you big strong men will it take? Nine? No. Seldon counted rapidly. Ten.Just one. Me.With no help?Just me.If the rest of you will clear away and give us room, I would like to see you try it, Marron.You dont have a knife, Master. You want one?No, use yours to make the fight even. Ill fight without one.Marron looked about at the others and said, Hey, this puny guy is a sport. He dont even sound scared. Thats sort of nice. It would be a shame to hurt him. I tell you what, Master. Ill take the girl. If you want me to stop, hand over your credit tile and her tile and use your right voices to activate them. If you say no, then after Im through with the girl and thatll take some time-he laughed-Ill just have to hurt you.No, said Seldon. Let the woman go. Ive challenged you to a fight-one to one, you with a knife, me without. If you want bigger odds, Ill fight two of you, but let the woman go.Stop, Hari cried out Dors. If he wants me, let him come and get me. You stay right where you are, Hari, and dont move.You hear that? said Marron, smiling broadly. You stay right where you are, Hari, and dont move. I think the little lady wants me. You two, keep him still.Each of Seldons arms were caught in an iron apprehend and he felt the sharp point of a knife in his back.Dont move, said a harsh whisper in his ear, and you can watch. The lady will probably like it. Marrons moderately good at this.Dors called out again. Dont move, Hari She turned to face Marron watchfully, her half-closed hands poised near her belt.He closed in on her purposefully an d she waited till he had come within arms length, when suddenly her own arms flashed and Marron found himself facing two large knives.For a moment, he leaned backward and then he laughed. The little lady has two knives-knives like the big boys have. And Ive only got one. But thats fair enough. His knife was swiftly out. I hate to have to cut you, little lady, because it will be more fun for both of us if I dont. Maybe I can just knock them out of your hands, huh?Dors said, I dont want to kill you. Ill do all I can to avoid doing so. Just the same, I call on all to witness, that if I do kill you, it is to protect my friend, as I am honor-bound to do.Marron pretended to be terrified. Oh, please dont kill me, little lady. Then he burst into laughter and was joined by the other Dahlites present. Marron pitchingd with his knife, quite wide of the mark. He tried it again, then a third time, but Dors never budged. She made no attempt to fend off any motion that was not truly aimed at her. Marrons expression darkened. He was trying to make her respond with panic, but he was only making himself seem ineffectual. The future(a) lunge was directly at her and Dorss left-hand blade moved flashingly and caught his with a force that pushed his arm aside. Her rightfield blade flashed inward and made a diagonal slit in his T-shirt. A thin cover line smeared the dark-haired skin beneath. Marron looked down at himself in shock as the onlookers gasped in surprise.Seldon felt the grip on him weaken slightly as the two who held him were distracted by a duel not going quite as they had expected. He tensed himself.Now Marron lunged again and this time his left hand shot outward to enclose Dorss right wrist. Again Dorss left-hand blade caught his knife and held it motionless, while her right hand twisted agilely and drew downward, even as Marrons left hand closed upon it. It closed on nothing but the blade and when he opened his hand there was a bloody line down the palm.Dors sprang back and Marron, aware of the blood on his chest and hand, roared out chokingly, Someone toss me another knife There was hesitation and then one of the onlookers tossed his own knife underhanded. Marron reached for it, but Dors was quicker. Her right-hand blade infatuated the thrown knife and sent it flying backward, whirling as it went.Seldon felt the grips on his arms weaken further. He lifted them suddenly, pushing up and forward, and was free. His two captors turned toward him with a sudden shout, but he quickly kneed one in the groin and elbowed the other in the solar plexus and both went down.He knelt to draw the knives of each and rose as double-armed as Dors. Unlike Dors, Seldon did not know how to handle the blades, but he knew the Dahlites would scarcely be aware of that.Dors said, Just keep them off, Hari. Dont attack yet.-Marron, my next stroke will not be a scratch.Marron, totally enraged, roared incoherently and charged blindly, attempting by sheer kinetic energy to overwhelm his opponent. Dors, dipping and sidestepping, ducked under his right arm, kicked her foot against his right ankle, and down he crashed, his knife flying.She then knelt, placed one blade against the back of his neck and the other against his throat, and said, YieldWith another yell, Marron struck out against her with one arm, pushed her to one side, then scrambled to his feet.He had not yet stood up solely when she was upon him, one knife slashing downward and hacking away a section of his mustache. This time he yowled like a large animal in agony, clapping his hand to his face. When he drew it away, it was dripping blood.Dors shouted, It wont grow again, Marron. Some of the lip went with it. Attack once more and youre dead meat.She waited, but Marron had had enough. He stumbled away, moaning, leaving a trail of blood.Dors turned toward the others. The two that Seldon had knocked down were still lying there, unarmed and not anxious to get up. She bent down, cut their belts with one of her knives and then slit their trousers. This way, youll have to hold your pants up when you walk, she said. She stared at the seven men still on their feet, who were watching her with awestruck fascination. And which of you threw the knife?There was silence.She said, It doesnt matter to me. Come one at a time or all together, but each time I slash, someone dies.And with one accord, the seven turned and scurried away. Dors lifted her eyebrows and said to Seldon, This time, at least, Hummin cant complain that I failed to protect you.Seldon said, I still cant believe what I saw. I didnt know you could do anything like that-or talk like that either.Dors merely smiled. You have your talents too. We make a good pair. Here, retract your knife blades and put them into your pouch. I think the news will spread with enormous speed and we can get out of Billibotton without fear of being stopped.She was quite right.

Online Marketplace

WHAT IS ONLINE MARKETPLACE? The online stipend merchandiseplace is experiencing an enlargement of innovative ideas, plans, and announcements, which one commentator has standardizedned to a goat rodeo, a chaotic situation in which plyful players with different agendas contend with one an otherwise for public acceptance, and above all, huge potential revenues. Others liken the dedicatement merchandiseplace to a battle among the four political plan titans orchard apple tree, Google, Facebook, and virago.Each of these titans wear their own versions of a afterlife leavement arranging that challenges the other players. And lets not for take off PayPal, the reigning power in alternate(a) online impartment, or the character reference brainpower companies who fulfill everywhere 70% of online allowances, or the telecommunication wireless carriers Verizon and AT&T who concord it all happen. All of these players are also competing for a share of the online fee stream. The y all want to suffice us spend money, for a lean.The continuing double-digit growth of e-commerce is certainly one factor driving market participants, except a more important factors is the emergence of the sprightly platform of smartphone and tablets that opens the door for red-hot firms to take down the online allowance marketplace based on newer technologies and control of the mobile platform itself. WHAT IS PayPal ? PayPal is a orbiculate e-commerce condescension allowing wagess and money transfers to be make through with(predicate) the internet. Online money transfers serve as electronic alternatives to paying with handed-down paper methods, such as checks and money orders.PayPal is an acquirer, performing remuneration processing for online vendors, auction sites, and other mercenary subr startiners, for which it charges a fee. It may also charge a fee for receiving money, proportional to the amount received. The fees depend on the currency routined, the payme nt option using upd, the country of the sender, the country of the recipient, the amount sent and the recipients poster type. In addition, eBay purchases do by deferred payment tease apart through PayPal may incur extra fees if the purchaseer and seller use different currencies HOW TO BUY The easiest way to remember your faith card number is not having to.Remembering 16 digits isnt aristocratical and typing them in to pay for slightlything isnt always secure. Now you dont requirement to do either. 1 Sign up for free, and add a banking concern answer for or a debit/credit card. 2 Speed through check-out procedure at millions of online funds. Just look for the PayPal scarceton. 3 Stay protected from verification to voice communication with our Buyer Protection. Figure 1. 1 show Ebay the example of website use PayPal. Figure 1. 2 show Hop-shop-go example for PayPal. PAYMENT METHODS Choose how you want to pay. Set up your payment methods quickly and easily. 1 Confirm y our email address.This helps protect you if someone tries to register a PayPal account victimization your email address 2 You flowerpot add multiple credit/debit cards and have the flexibility to set one as your default payment source 3 You have the option to withdraw any payments received to your bank account. Simply add a bank account to despatch it. Add a card You john add a credit or debit card to your PayPal account to make payments instantly. To add a card, 1. Log in and dawnProfile. 2. SelectAdd or Edit Card for payments. 3. ClickAdd cardorAdd another cardand view the prompts.Top-up my PayPal account You can use PayPal to make payments online card-free. Simply top-up your PayPal balance from your bank account. * 1. Log in and clickTop-up. 2. Select Top-up via RHB bank* account. Withdraw funds to a bank account When you receive payments, you can conserve the money in your PayPal account for future purchases or add a bank to withdraw it to your bank account. To withdraw y our funds, 1. Log in and clickWithdraw. 2. SelectWithdraw funds to your bank. 3. Enter the amount and issue forth the prompts. TYPES ONLINE PAYMENT Google handicap ) Wallet One wallet for online and in-store obtain * Buy online with your phone or estimator Make purchases at thousands of online shops by signing in to your Google Account. * Buy in-store with the mobile app Tap your phone to pay and redeem offers, employ NFC (near-field communication). NFC payments are currently altogether available in the United States. * Manage your account Sign in to wangle your payment information and view your transaction history. 2) Checkout sum up online gross sales victimisation Google Wallet New Google Checkout is now Google Wallet for buyers.Google Wallet is a fast, secure checkout process that helps increase sales by bringing you more clients and allowing them to buy from you quickly and easily with a single account, online or in-store. snitch worldwide. Attract buyers in everyw here 140 countries to purchase your goods and services online using their Google Wallet. Convert more sales. A fast, convenient checkout process helps Google drug users convert more than shoppers who have not used Google before. Protect yourself from fraud. The Payment Guarantee Policy protects 98% of orders on average when an order is guaranteed, you bilk paid even if it results in a chargebackAMAZON Figure 1. 3 show amazon website Amazon operate works with businesses of all sizes to provide products and solutions backed by the power of Amazon. For example, your business can transcend millions of Amazon shoppers by selling on the Amazon market and then leverage Amazons fulfillment services to manage shipping and provide trusted customer service. Or, if your business already has a website, you can advertise your products to Amazon. com shoppers to apparent motion qualified traffic to your website, and then improve conversion by making it easy for them to buy on your site wit h their Amazon account through Amazon Payments.If you need a website, or would like to cost increase your current website, Amazon Webstore makes it easy to build a branded eCommerce website. Whether youd like to Sell on Amazon. com or make your own website more successful, Amazon Services has solutions to help you build your business successfully online. Increase your business capabilities. Get on board with Amazon. If taking your business to the adjacent level includes selling online, or improving your internet-based business, lounge aroundting to know Amazon Services could make all the difference in your success.Imagine having Amazon, with its best technologies, as an ally in meeting your business goals. Think how much simpler things could be if you could leverage the power of Amazon tools and services for your business. Reach Customers Amazon Services offers two solutions that give you access to tens of millions of Amazon customers. You can sell your products directly on Amaz on, or reach Amazon customers through our site display advertisements. Sell on the Amazon Marketplace By joiningAmazon Marketplace, you give customers a familiar, trustworthy shopping recognise even as you avoid the time and costs of developing a standalone website.Use the Amazon Marketplace solution to help make your business what you dream it could be. Advertise on Amazon Get your products in front of millions of Amazon customers withAmazon Product Adsor display ads fromAmazon Media Group. With Product Ads, you move placement in targeted locations across our detail pages, see and browse options, the buy box, and tower ads. With display ads, your marketing messages can reach just the right audience in the numbers and channels where you want to be seen. Build a website with Webstore Build your eCommerce site on Amazon Webstore and put the security and scalability of Amazons cloud behind your site.Robust site conception and inventory management tools, plus easy integration with t he other Amazon Services products, make Amazon Webstore the right eCommerce platform for businesses of all sizes. List your products on the Amazon Marketplace When you list and sell your products on Amazon, you can quickly take advantage of the same robust and reliable Amazon site infrastructure, including the umpteen seller features and positionality we have worked hard to build. No matter how many products you list, youre eligible to use Amazons world-class seller technologies. CASE STUDY QUESTIONS ) What is the respect proposition that PayPal offers consumers ? How about(predicate) merchants ? Do any of the competing proposals match the benefits of PayPal ? ANSWER a. PayPal offers consumers How to buy The easiest way to remember your credit card number is not having to. Remembering 16 digits isnt easy and typing them in to pay for something isnt always secure. Now you dont need to do either. * Sign up for free, and add a bank account or a debit/credit card. * Speed through ch eckout at millions of online stores. Just look for the PayPal button. * Stay protected from checkout to delivery with our Buyer Protection.Buying is free Its free to use PayPal for online purchases in Malaysia. Its the PayPal sellers who are charged a small fee for each transaction. Your eligible purchases are protected Your eligible purchases are protected wherever you shop and pay with PayPal at no cost to you. Just in case your item didnt arrive or is significantly different from how it was described, we can help you get a full refund. More ways to pay online You can store your bank details and credit/debit cards more safely with PayPal and choose your pet way to pay the next time you shop.And you can even do it on your mobile. Accepted world(a) Shop anytime, anywhere from millions of online stores that accept PayPal. b. PayPal offers merchants Solutions for business We have a wide range of solutions for your business. Sell globally and get paid quickly. Looking to sell occas ionally on eBay or through your blog? PayPal helps you get paid faster. Fees at 3. 4% + RM2. 00 MYR With our simple and transparent pricing, youll never be surprised by privy fees when you receive commercial domestic payments for goods and services at 3. 4% + RM2. 00 MYR. Keeping every seller saferOur industry-leading anti-fraud applied science and a team of specialists help to keep you more secure. We provide all sellers with a convenient process for responding to buyer disputes. c. PayPal Competitor Google Checkout is quite similar to PayPal, but it has grown to only 7% of the alternative payment market. Google Checkout a) Wallet * One wallet for online and in-store shopping * Buy online with your phone or data processor Make purchases at thousands of online shops by signing in to your Google Account. * Buy in-store with the mobile app Tap your phone to pay and redeem offers, using NFC (near-field communication).NFC payments are currently only available in the United States. * Manage your account Sign in to manage your payment information and view your transaction history. b) Checkout * Increase online sales using Google Wallet * New Google Checkout is now Google Wallet for buyers. Google Wallet is a fast, secure checkout process that helps increase sales by bringing you more customers and allowing them to buy from you quickly and easily with a single account, online or in-store. * Sell worldwide. Attract buyers in over 140 countries to purchase your goods and services online using their Google Wallet. Convert more sales. A fast, convenient checkout process helps Google users convert more than shoppers who have not used Google before. * Protect yourself from fraud. The Payment Guarantee Policy protects 98% of orders on average when an order is guaranteed, you get paid even if it results in a chargeback 2) Why would the telecommunications carriers like AT&T and Verizon want to scat into the payment business? What chance do they have to compete against Go ogle? Whats their advantage?. ANSWER i)Why would the telecommunications carriers like AT&T and Verizon want to move in to the payments business?The reason why the telecommunications carriers like AT&T and Verizon want to move into the payment business is because of the huge potential of revenues and another factors is the emergence of the mobile platform of smartphones & tablets that opens the door for new firms to enter the online payments marketplace based on newer technologies and control of the mobile platform itself ii)What chance do they have to compete against Google? Their percentage of chance that they probably have to compete against Google is 30%-70%,from our opinion. Google system is much familiar to the user than AT&T and Verizon.Google also one of four platform titans and already get the public acceptance. Yet, they still have the chance to compete against Google because Google is much familiar with search engines system. iii) Whats their advantage? AT&T and Verizon ad vantage is that they are from mobile telecommunications (phone company) which is give them the advantage to get public acceptance that in many parts of the world, the phone company is widely used as a payment system, after they announced a mobile phone-based payment system called Isi. Unlike Google, AT&T and Verizon is more to payment that makes by smartphone.So, it is their advantage to make step in Electronic payment market. 3) The smartphone giants apple and Google control the operating systems and technological features of the devices. Google exercises this control not by actually making the devices but licensing its Android system and demanding device makers include certain features. Which of these smartphones firms has the greatest chance of successfully developing a Web-wide wireless payment service? Why? ANSWER Apple advantages is, like Google has already developed an online payment system to support salles ath the iTunes storage.Unlike Google Checkout and PayPal, Apple ha s not to date developed an online merchant payment system that could be used across the Web. Some analysis believe Apple is considering the idea of extending its existing iTunes payment system to third gear-party vendors selling digital goods on the Internet. iPhone users can already use their iTunes account to buy some third-party virtual and subscription goods. Apples iTunes Store, which could serve as the mobile digital wallet used to store payment information on a consumers payment-enabled device,generated net sales of music, software (apps) and content of about $5 billion in 2010.There are approximately 225 milliom iTunes users worldwide with credit card accounts at iTunes. Apple disadvantages is, Apple does not have a presence in the online merchant payment process, a deprecative weakness. Four instance, you can use PayPal and Google Checkout at thousands of online retailers, but there is no similar Apple digital wallet that can be used across the Web. It only works at the i Tunes Store. This may be a case where Apples penchants for building walled gardens of hardware and software like the iPhone and iTunes Store has limited its future growth.Google already made its first foray into the merchant payment market with Google Checkout in 2007. Google Checkout is quite similar to PayPal, but it has grown to only 7% of the alternative payment market. Google Checkout stores a users financial information, including credit card information, and then presents this information to merchants when the user checks out. Google advantages is, the customer does not have to fill out forms or reveal credit information to online merchants, but rather clicks on a Google Checkout icon on the merchants site, and payment is made through Googles site.As with PayPal, the user stores value on the Google Checkout site in the form of a sustain credit card, or a bank account, and the merchant does not have access to the customers credit card information. Google firms has the greate st chance of successfully developing a Web-wide wireless payment service because, the customer does not have to fill out forms or reveal credit information to online merchants, but instead clicks on a Google Checkout icon on the merchants site, and payment is made through Googles site.As with PayPal, the user stores value on the Google Checkout site in the form of a verified credit card, or a bank account, and the merchant does not have access to the customers credit card information. QUESTION 4) What strategies would you recommend that PayPal pursue in order to maintain its dominant position over the next five age? . ANSWER Strategies to maintain PayPal dominant position over next 5 years Intro Scott Thompson , president of PayPal outlined a strategy to expand PayPal globally, strengthening its dominant position over the next five years. Here the strategies. 1.Increase penetration on eBay Projected growth on eBay is a function of seller coverage and consumer preference. A one-pe rcent share increase within eBay results in $17 million in incremental revenue for PayPal. While market share in No America is 79%, it is only 41% internationalistly so there is still plenty of room to grow on eBay. And new PayPal users on eBay (growing at a rate of 3 million new accounts per quarter) use PayPal across the Internet 2. Grow share in merchants services PayPal helps merchants to sell more online those that enable PayPal Express Checkout experience up to a 14% increase in sales.Today, eBay has approximately a 5% share of global merchant services, as much as 9% if you include eBay volume. PayPal has specific strategies for each segment of the market sole proprietors, small/medium business, and large merchants. Consumers are increasingly global, and increasingly security conscious. They prefer to use PayPal when they shop online. Note the significant growth among SMEs and large businesses. Merchants have discovered the value of payment select in encouraging incrementa l sales and higher transaction values, particularly via Bill Me Later.PayPal anticipates that it will hand 14% merchant services market share in No America by 2011. International market share is estimated to be 5-6% by 2011, citing PayPals unmatched facility for cross border transactions. PayPals global e-commerce market share is projected to be 12-14% (on and off eBay) by 2011. 3. Adjacent payment markers The third element of PayPals growth strategy is expansion outside e-commerce. Thompson estimated the non-retail marketplace online as $1 Trillion. He specifically noted mobile, social networks, and non-profits (government opportunities were cited by Donahoe earlier).PayPal has demonstrated early leadership in mobile payments, experimenting with solutions in lots of mobile segments until there is industry consensus where consumers will go. Although non-profits were positioned as an adjacent opportunity, there are over 100,000 non-profits currently using PayPal. Weve watched as Pa yPal has customized its services for non-profits with special on-boarding process, special features, and special pricing. Will this be the glide path used for other verticals? Not unlike Amazon, PayPal fosters a close relationship with developers that are creating applications for use online and on the go via mobile devices.The PayPal global Internet payments network can be used to exchange value not just on eBay and within e-commerce but beyond. Thompson acknowledged that opening up the developer network sequence maintaining a secure environment is challenging and thats why none of the other payment platforms out there has done it While Amazon has done this, and done it for payments, PayPal does not consider Amazon to be a global payments platform. PayPals global reach, closed loop network, and risk management/anti-fraud capabilities uniquely position it to reanimate innovation on the web with PayPal as the engine in the middle. CONCLUSION The online payment marketplace is exper iencing an explosion of innovative ideas, plans, and announcements, which one commentator has likened to a goat rodeo, a chaotic situation in which tendinous players with different agendas compete with one another for public acceptance, and above all, huge potential revenues. Others liken the payment marketplace to a battle among the four platform titans Apple, Google, Facebook, and Amazon. Each of these titans have their own versions of a future payment system that challenges the other players. And lets not forget PayPal, the reigning power in alternative